Aggregate: A mixture of crushed rock, gravel, and stone that makes up more than 96% of asphalt.

Asphalt emulsion: A combination of asphalt in water and an emulsifying agent. Emulsions are used in paving to improve adhesion and protect the pavement.

Asphalt tack coat: A light application of asphalt emulsion diluted with water to bond two layers of bituminous pavement

Asphalt: A mixture of hot asphalt cement and aggregates that hardens into asphalt.

Backer material: A compressible material placed in cracks or joints to control sealant depth and prevent sagging.

Bituminous pavement: A pavement made of aggregate layers mixed with a bituminous binder, such as asphalt, coal tars, or natural tars.

Cape seal: A surface treatment that involves applying a slurry seal to a newly constructed surface treatment or chip seal.

Cold In Place Recycling (CIPR): A process that uses grinding machines to turn pavement into base material.

Efflorescence: A powdery white deposit on rocks or soil that forms when mineral-rich water rises to the surface and evaporates

Emulsion: A mechanically produced combination of ingredients that do not normally mix.

Hot mix asphalt concrete (HMAC): The official name for asphalt

Line painting: The process of painting pavement markings to control vehicle and pedestrian traffic.

Loam: Soil made up of roughly 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay.

Prime coat: Seals the base or subgrade to enhance the bonding capability of the asphalt layer [4]

R.A.P.: An abbreviation for "recycled asphalt pavement"

Rebar: An abbreviation for "reinforcement bar"

Sealcoating: Uses a combination of water, mineral fillers, and asphalt mixture to stop water from penetrating the pavement surface

Wood block paving: A cheaper alternative to hardscape materials such as stone and asphalt, though not as durable.